Crossmark Policy

Crossmark is a multi-publisher initiative from Crossref to provide a standard way for readers to find the latest version of content. By implementing the Crossmark logo, the Journal of Management and Business Innovation is committed to maintaining its published content and informing readers of any changes if and when they occur. Clicking the Crossmark logo will tell you the current status of a document and may also provide additional information about the document's publication record.

To maintain the integrity and completeness of the scientific record, the following policy will be applied when published content needs to be corrected; this policy considers current best practices in the scientific publishing and library communities:

Correction to an Article

Articles in the Journal of Management and Business Innovation are peer-reviewed before publication. Errors that may arise after the peer review process can be highlighted by readers or members of the editorial team. After being alerted to the error, the Editor-in-Chief may ask the author to revise the article. Authors can publish revised versions, and any errors that arise during peer review or later can be corrected thru the publication of a new version. Corrections and changes relative to the previous version are always summarized in the 'Amendments' section at the beginning of the new version.

Retraction

Articles may be retracted for several reasons, including:

Honest errors reported by the author (e.g., errors due to sample mix-ups or the use of scientific instruments or equipment that were later found to be defective), research misconduct (data fabrication), duplicate or overlapping publications, fraudulent use of data, and clear plagiarism are unethical research practices.

For each retracted article, the reason for the retraction and who initiated it will be clearly stated in the retraction notice. The retraction notice will be linked to the retracted article (which usually remains on the site) and the article will be clearly marked as retracted (including PDFs).

An article is usually only retracted at the author's request or by the publisher in response to an institutional investigation. It is important to note in the context of the Journal of Management and Business Innovation's publication model that - as in traditional journals - retracted articles are not 'unpublished' or 'withdrawn' to be published elsewhere. The reasons for the retraction are usually so serious that the entire study, or most of it, is unsuitable for inclusion in scientific literature anywhere.

The content of a retracted article will only be removed if there are legal restrictions imposed on the publisher, copyright holder, or author, for example, if the article is clearly defamatory or violates the legal rights of others, or if the article is subject to a court order. In such cases, the bibliographic information for the article will remain on the site along with information regarding the circumstances that led to the content's removal. In rare circumstances, for example, if incorrect or inaccurate data has been published that, if followed, poses a serious health risk, the original incorrect version may be removed and the corrected version published. The reason for this partial deletion will be clearly stated in the latest version.

Editorial Note

If there are unresolved potential issues with an article, it may be appropriate to alert readers with an Editorial Note. Such Editorial Notes can be added, for example, if the Journal of Business Management and Innovation receives information that a research or publication violation may have occurred, or that there is a serious dispute between the authors or between the authors and a third party. Editorial notes will typically be posted while further investigation is conducted and until a more permanent solution is found (e.g., publication of a revised 'correction' version, or a Retraction).

Expression of Concern

In rare cases, the Journal of Management and Business Innovation may decide to publish a Statement of Concern, related to a problematic article, if there are serious concerns about an article but no conclusive evidence can be obtained that explicitly justifies a Retraction. This might include: If there is inconclusive evidence of research or publication misconduct, there is evidence that there are problems with the article, but the authoring institution will not investigate the case because the investigation into the alleged misconduct is not neutral or conclusive.